Disaster Management Approaches For Libraries

Disaster Management Approaches For Libraries Abstract The present paper highlights the disaster and its management in general and in libraries in electronic age. The paper also suggested the management methods of disaster in libraries. Libraries are the custodian of our history, culture and civilization. They are keeping the heritage of the nation in safe for last thousands of years. The safeguard against disaster for the libraries is very important. Safeguard should be in such planned ways that save the resources of library without any damage. In India libraries are not concentrating on disaster management due to unawareness and paucity of funds. Libraries and reputed Information Centres should organise program on disaster management in libraries. There should be training and workshop program for library personnel as well as for library users. Library and managing authority should make necessary arrangement for the effective program of disaster management in libraries. Disaster management program should be implemented from the initial stage (from the construction of building for any organisation). Key-Words: Disaster, Disaster Management, Natural Disaster, Man-Made Disaster,  Disaster Management – Libraries, Artificial Disaster 1. Introduction: Now libraries of India transforming themselves from traditional library to modern library or we may say automated, electronic, digital, virtual or hybrid libraries. With the development of technology changes, the development of adversity also increased. Adversity or disaster may be natural an artificial also. Disaster and its management (Disaster Management) now becomes the burning topic in many field due to natural disaster as cyclone, tornado, earthquake, fire due to heavy rain, water flood etc. and artificial disaster as power grid failure, network failure, fire, server fail, short -circuit etc. In libraries, authorities and libraries are not giving their attention for management of any kind of disaster. In India except some advance libraries, most of libraries have no prearrangement for disaster. Libraries have our history. Civilization and culture in books and in electronic form, if any disaster occurred they will lose valuable history, Civilization and culture. 2. Disaster Disaster is an unexpected, disastrous happening carrying excessive mutilation, damage, and destruction and devastation to life and property. The mutilation caused by disasters is incalculable and differs with the topographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of susceptibility. These effects may be mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area. Disaster may be men made (Artificial) and natural. Some definition of disaster as follow: An occurrence causing widespread destruction and distress; a catastrophe.† Emergency â€Å"A serious situation or occurrence that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action[1].† (American Heritage Dictionary. 3 rd. ed., 1996) In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the effect of hazards on vulnerable areas. Hazards that occur in areas with low vulnerability do not result in a disaster; as is the case in uninhabited regions. (Quarantelli 1998)[2]. A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be extensively defined as any tragic event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people.[3] 2.1 Natural Disaster A natural disaster is an implication when a natural danger touches creatures and/or the built atmosphere. The resulting damage is governed by on the capacity of the population to support or fight the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: disasters occur when hazards meet defencelessness. A natural danger will hereafter never result in a natural disaster in areas without exposure. Numerous singularities like, landslides, earthquakes, eruptions, volcanic, cyclones and floods are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy moneys of territory and goods every time. Followings are the main natural disasters: Earthquakes Floods Volcanic eruptions Cyclones Biological agents (micro-organisms, insect or vermin infestation) Fires (wildfires) Rain 2.2. Artificial (Men Made) Disaster With the technological development the hazards also grows. Artificial disasters also can be caused by humans. Dangerous materials emergencies include chemical tumbles and groundwater pollution. Workplace fires (caused by short-circuit etc.) are more common and can originate substantial property mutilation and loss of life. Communities are also defenceless to these threats posed by fanatical groups who use ferocity against both people and property. In Artificial disaster, targets may include military and civilian government facilities, international airports, high-profile landmarks and large cities. In Cyber-terrorism involves attacks against computers (server down, virus attack, hacking and unauthorised access etc.) and networks done to intimidate or pressure a government or its people for political or social objectives. 3. Disaster management It is a discipline that includes making, holdup, and rebuilding society when natural or human-made disasters occur. In general, any Crisis management is the unceasing process by which all individuals, groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort to avoid or perfect the impact of disasters resulting from the hazards ‘Disaster management can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.[4] 4. Disaster in Libraries Disaster either natural or manmade may occur in any organisation and at any place of the world. Its seriousness may be distinguished on preventive, pre-arrangement and other security methods. Now, libraries have entered in the age of electronic age but with the advent of technology in libraries, the technological (Artificial) disaster has also generated. Natural disaster like flooding, earthquake, cyclones, rain and Volcanic eruptions etc. are identical and not changed but going toward uncertainty due to global warming. Day to day man-made disaster as power cuts, network failure, cooling- heating, theft of books, network tower failure, conflict, noise, and violence may occur in libraries. Besides these, fire, sever failure, crashing of computer also are major disaster in libraries. Sometimes some misshaping may convert in major disaster in libraries. 5. Disaster Management in Libraries: Libraries are our guardian or custodian of our history, culture and civilization. They are keeping these records in printed and non-printed document. Students, scholar expectation are also linked with libraries. So maintenance and security of libraries are essential from disaster etc. In this concern Indian libraries (especially government and public libraries) frustrated us. Libraries are not so secured in this concern. Most of the libraries have not installed fire alarm system in their libraries. If installed, the maintenance of these systems is zero, only they became show peace. Libraries are also faces many day to day disaster like power-cuts (No having generators), no heating-cooling system etc. Libraries are information centre are also organising many workshop, conference and seminar of ICT but neglected the topic like disaster management in libraries[5]. This is ill-fated of Libraries as they are providing reading material (books, journals and encyclopaedias etc.) on disaster management to their users for research but for them, there is no such perpetual program in this concern. Funds are also a barrier in this concern as libraries not getting adequate funds for purchase books etc. and these disasters are the secondary phase for the libraries. I personally observed in many libraries that there was no such preventive equipment and measurement for this disaster (natural and man-made). Disaster controlling plan is a must be assimilated in preliminary planning of founding a library and information centre. Numerous minor pointers for a complete disaster management plan, which are independent of each other but are interwoven. Libraries either academic or public and authority (Government- Non-Government) should make the following provision in their libraries against disaster management: Fruitful Plan: Each disaster has three phases: before, during and after. A variability of plans is required to manage with each of these phases. There should be fruitful plan for disaster management. Disaster plan must cover complete of the library and information centre including staff, readers, sources of information, equipment and infrastructure and it must be a cooperative team effort. Mirror Server/ Backup: There should be arrangement of mirror server and daily backup of work should be taken on regular base by the competent library staff. Data backup should not kept in library and be placed at minimum two places. A responsible staff may take this backup with them. AMC of library server and UPC may be an alternative security measure for this. Power Supply: There should be one main switch of light system of library and place to place MCV- Light controller should be installed in the library to avoid short-circuit in light system. Responsibility: There should be fixation of responsibilities on staff and suitable should be identified and succession should be fixed in written and verbally. Suitable senior and junior staff should be incorporated in disaster planning. Power-Cuts: There should be installation of Solar Power System and UPS to cater the the uninterrupted power supply. Sound proof power generator may be installed for this system. Fire: Fire alarm system and smoke detector should be installed in library on each level so that any type of smoke and fire is detected. The staff training is essential to handle such system and should openings for staff to be alert of what is expected of them in the event of disaster. Library should identifying imperative parts of the building, collections, allocating rescue primacies, recognizing substitute storage sites, providing satisfactory fire protection. Additional Funds Arrangement: There should be an additional fund arrangement to procure the preventive equipment and for making such disaster arrangement in libraries. Rain- Floods: It is impartial as important to determine where the water is coming from and should to stop it at its cause as it is to cover up the books. There should be arrangement of water security out system around the library. The access of water should go in direct to down to earth. User Awareness Program: There should be a user awareness program regarding the disaster management. This program may be included in user education/ orientation program of the library. Workshop/Training and Conference: Time to time library and information centers should organize training and workshop program on disaster management in libraries. Disaster Management Agency: Library and information centers may hire Disaster Management Agency for disaster management. Library may contract with such type of agency (Government and Private). There are many such types of agencies are available (online – offline) for disaster management. 6. Conclusion: Now the range of disaster has increased, natural disaster is increasing due to global warming and artificial disasters (man-made) are increasing with the advent of Information Communication Technology. Pre-planning for disaster is very important as this management is inter-linked on each other. These planning should be implemented from the initial phase (from the point of construction of building of any organisation like libraries). Time to time mock drill should also implement for testing of the program. Maintenance of such procedure is also very important. Government, non-government and managing authorities should also pay more attention on this issue. Government should also make such positive policies for libraries and information regarding the implementation of disaster management. Related Bibliography Aparac-Gazivoda, T. and Katalenac, D. (1993) Wounded libraries in Croatia, Zagreb: Croatian Library Association. Archives, Aldershot: Ashgate. Featherstone, Robin M., Lyon, Becky J, and Ruffin, Angela B. (2008).Librarian’s Role in Disaster Response: an Oral History Project. Journal of Medical Library Association, 96,256-282.doi 10.3163/1536-5050.96.4.009. Golrick, Michael A. (2009). Disaster management: Steps in the process. Retrieved from:http://michaelgolrick.blogspot.com/2009/03/disaster-management-plan-steps-in.html. Matthews, G. and Eden, P. (1996) Disaster management in British libraries. Project report with guidelines for library managers, London: The British Library. Matthews, Graham, Eden, Paul. (1996) Disaster management training in libraries, Library Review, Vol. 45 Iss: 1, pp.30 – 38 Riedlmayer, A. (2007) ‘Crimes of war, crimes of peace: destruction of libraries during and after the Balkan wars of the 1990s’, Library Trends 1 (56), 107-132. [1] American Heritage Dictionary. 3 rd. ed., 1996 Houghton Mifflin; 3 editions (August 20, 1992). [2] Quarantelli E.L. (1998). Where We Have Been and Where We Might Go. In: Quarantelli E.L. (Ed). What Is A Disaster? London: Rutledge. pp146-159 [3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster [4] 1International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Disaster Management. Accessed 12-12-13 [5] http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2204context=libphilprac

Shalimar the Clown Salman Rushdie

The Clown Salaam Rushed The story begins with chapter Linda†. India is a young girl, ambassador's daughter. His father is Max Pulls, American former ambassador to India, and now the counter-terrorism chief. In this chapter writer describes her wish to know more about her dead mother and reason why her father don't want to talk about her mother's death. The plot of this chapter is settled in Los Angles in ass. There she met her father's chauffeur who was known as Shalom The Clown. His real name was Oman, but later the writer describes the reason of him being called like that.Shalom always looked suspicious to India, and her suspicions about him made sense when she realized that Shalom was responsible for her father's death. Reading that scene made me realism Shalom was cold assails. It was horrible when he slashed Man's throat with a kitchen knife outside Indian's apartment. Second chapter Is called Bonny. That' s again name, and one of the main characters. It bring us back in year 1960, where we learn the real through about Man's murder. Bonny was a young girl who lived in Kashmir together with Oman, know as Shalom the clown.When they et, they fell in love, and only when they had 14 years they got married. Nobody believed in their marriage. Claimer's father Abdullah refused their marriage because he thought there Is no relationship between Hindu and Muslim. Kashmir was once a paradise on earth where all people, Muslim an Hindu lived together. It was the place full of happiness and peace. Shortly after their marriage Bonny moved to anaphora place because she wanted to become famous dancer and there she met her second choice, Max Pulls, who fell in with her and got her apartment in Delhi.Shortly after she got pregnant and she got India, but she gave her the name Kashmir. When Shalom noticed her betrayal, she went from sweetest, gentlest, and most open of any human being in Pacing† too cold assails. Bonny was killed, and Max and his daughter went back to America together with Man's new British wife, who gave Kashmir name India. Shalom, who once worked as a Phasing's clown, got a job in a organization called lord Mullahs†, which was Muslim organization made to fight with Hindus. He Joined various Jihad organization and became terrorist.

About Salvador Dali - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 825 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Salvador Dali Essay Did you like this example? Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali y Domenech was born on May 11, 1904 in Figueras Spain. His drawing skills were apparent since the early age of six, he would sit on the tub and paint. His first exhibition was in 1918 at the municipal theater in Figuras, which later became his own museum in 1974. In 1920 he spent his time painting landscapes and portraits of his father. A year later, he worked on self-portraits and studied the Old Masters in the Prado. Throughout 1925 to 1928 Dali experimented with abstract paintings. After, Dali joined the Surrealist and became the most known in the group. Dali published an arts chronicle in his local magazine about the artist he admired the most: Durer, Michelangelo, Goya, El Greco, Velazquez, and Leonardo da Vinci. Although, Dalis development came thanks to when his parents sent him to live with Ramon Pitchot. The Pichots family provided Dali with a studio, and the environment of their summer home in Cadaques committed him deeply into nature art. Dali was also exposed to Impressionism through the paintings of Pitchot. There he had his first contact with an anti-academic and revolutionary aesthetic theory which influences his work dramatically. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About Salvador Dali" essay for you Create order In the year 1921, Dali got accepted to the Academia de San Fernando Madrid. After, he enrolled in Senor Nunez art classes in Figueras where he gained passion for the renaissance and the masters. Then, he continued his study at the Marist School where teachers basically gave up on teaching him. Furthermore, he attended the School of Fine Art in Madrid, there he created Cubist sketches, influenced by Juan Gris, Seurat, and the Italian Metaphysical School. He quickly switched to painting cubist work. The students of the school liked Dali and always talked about his cubist painting and listened to his ideas. At this time, Dali joined the most avant-garde group: Luis Bunuel, Garcia Lorca, and Pedro Garfias. The school saw those things as an act of rebellion and suspend him for a year. He returned to school in 1924 with a shifted interest to the metaphysical school. Dali then rejected cubism and futurism and returned to dreams and inner perception under the guidance of Giorgio de Chirico a nd Carlo Carra. In 1925, Salvador Dali created Girl Standing at the Window, a large canvas of his sister Ana-Maria. This artwork was shown at Dalis one-man exhibition in Barcelona, it is considered one of the most beautiful. In this painting Ana-Maria poses looking out the window with a view of the sea in their Cadaques home. This specific place was portrayed in many of Dalis paintings. Dali always choose a landscape view or near a window to paint his sister. The genre content, ordinary scene correct in proportion and detail, was the type of work he was doing before the surrealism. Furthermore, at the age of 23, Dali created Apparatus and Hand (1927). Although he did not join the Surrealists until 1929, his work was starting to show their influence as well as Freuds ideas. The painting shows symbols put together in a blue landscape that creates a dream-like setting with illusion of depth. The womens body on the left is depicted with academy realism, but the other figures are very strange. It also shows organic and geometric forms inspired by the surrealists. Dali began to show evidence of his growing hallucinatory power. During this time he was experimenting with different styles, until he completely identified himself with Surrealism. Lastly, Dali created his first surrealist painting in the year 1929, by the name of The Lugubrious Game. Today, the art world is less easily alarmed by images of sex, blood, excrement, and putrefaction, nut fifty years ago it was still quite shockable and had difficulty digesting a panting like Dalis In this painting he tried to paint the images of his imagination and interpretation of his dreams. It has an explicit imagery of masturbation, the figure on the base of the statue has the head down in shame and an enlarged right hand. He created a method called paranoiac-critical which means looking at one thing and seeing another. His technique made any vision seem real no matter how outrageous it was. His approach was one of the most revolutionary contributions to Surrealism and was the touchstone which gave Dalis work its unique character and dominated his evolution as an artist. He treated the canvas as a transparent window, using all the paralysing tricks of eye fooling. In conclusion, Dali is known as the founding master of Surrealism and remains one of the most fascinating and intriguing artist of all time. It was said that, For almost forty years, Salvador Dali had been one of the two most famous painters alive. His name has been kept alive by the controversy of his work and the heavy criticism. Dali always had a desire to do the opposite of what everyone else did. Over the years he has become so closely identified with Surrealism, that whenever one thinks about Surrealism, Salvador Dali comes to mind. About Salvador Dali - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 930 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: Salvador Dali Essay Did you like this example? Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali I Domenech best known in his artistic name as Salvador Dali was a Spanish artist born on May 11, 1904 in Figueres, Catalonia Spain. Salvador Dali was an unconventional, introverted, and rebellious man who strove the shock of people by his unique, bizarre, and iconic works of art. He was a man who stuck with his ideas, he had no trouble expressing his opinions and what he felt. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About Salvador Dali" essay for you Create order Despite that he tried to improve distinctive techniques of art such as Cubism, futurism, and Impressionism to name a few, Surrealism was what predominated his work which gave him worldwide recognition, popularity, and fortune. Masterpieces such as The Persistence of Memory, on 1931 and The Great Masturbator on 1929, were one of his main contributions towards his success in the art Surrealism industry. Dali tried to capture objects and situations with a vision without prejudice, which lent his works somewhat strange and extravagant. His paintings showed images with his dreaming full influence that materialized with his life itself. Dalis experience with art was shown in his younger years as a child, but his eccentric personality was always in the way which caused him troubled throughout his whole life. He had two siblings, a sister named Anna Maria and an older brother born by nine months before him. Salvador Dali was named after his brother past away. His parents will always tell him that he was the reincarnation of his death brother. Dalis parents were strict, therefore he didnt have the quiet pleasant childhood he expected. His father refused Dali to do art, on the other hand, her mother encouraged him to follow his passion as an artist. His teenage years didnt show up so well when his mother past away from breast cancer which led Dali devastated. The first step towards his art career was joining college named Colegio de Hermanos Maristas, in Figueres, Spain. Salvador absolutely had tremendous talent in drawing but somehow his particular bizarre characteristic behavior declined his abilities to succeed in co llege. Learning from his emotional life, I perceived that Salvador Dali wasnt satisfied with the whole idea of his parents comparing him to a reincarnation of his death brother. He wanted to be known as him and not by the shadow of somebody else. Later, having his mother die; the only person that believed in him as an artist, was truly a devastating disaster. This greatly affected him which led his introverted, rebellious and bizarre attitude against people and his surroundings. Salvador was a man that followed his instincts and what he stud for, therefore in 1926, he decided to move to Madrid and pursue his art career in the Academia de San Fernando. He was recognized for his practices with cubism such as his 1927 painting apparatus and hand. (Surrealists and Surrealism, page 135). In this painting, I could already perceived how Dali began to use Sigmund Freuds ideas about dream analysis in the way the female figures represent erotic thoughts from the apparatus. Dali later was expelled from the Academia for boldly stating that no one could examine his art work. Salvador realized that he had to gain control of his life and find his inspiration. He then made trips to Paris where he met Pablo Picasso who because of him, started creating his style of art which would later put him in the spotlight of fame and glory. He also let his mustache grow as an inspiration to the painter Diego Velasquez. Dalis mustache was a reflection towards his unusual personality that would stay forever with him. The next following year in 1928, Salvador Dali Associated with the Surrealist movement which was defined as the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected associations, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought. (Surrealist Manifesto page, 22). He discovered his passion towards releasing his most hidden thoughts and subconscious imagination now known as the most important surrealistic paintings such as The Great Masturbator, 1929, (dailipaintings.com, 2011.) and The Persistence of Memory, 1931 (Dalis Optical Illusions, page 39). Just by looking at the title of The Great Masturbator, I could see that it had something to do with sexual content. The image seem randomized with a number of variety things displayed in the background like tree branches, desserts, ice cream, and a cricket. Looking closely, there is also the outline of a horse, and the sunlight that shines directly into the body. What I perceived from this painting is that Dali had an obsession with sex and perhaps his painting was the result of a wet dream. The persistence of memory shows the melting of clocks placed unfamiliar that describe the persistence of time in the eyes of a dreamer. Ants appear crawling on a left copper pocket watch which makes me think that is symbolizes the decay and death of life that nobody escapes from living. Dalis art work themes seem to be categorized as sexual symbolism and ideographic imagery. He wanted to represent himself in the paintings because he characterizes not just as a surrealist painter but as a surrealist person that was difficult to understand. Artist Salvador Dali was an icon that was the pure representation of the era of Surrealism, physically and in regard to art. His authentic bizarre personally and paintings was what caught the attention of millions of people. He was a man who wasnt afraid of expressing his ideas which was why he was so drawn towards making art through a subconscious state. His art work was a reflection towards his authentic emotional life, and the creative potential he possessed.

Fast Food - 1915 Words

1. Executive Summary This report provides an analysis of the international marketing environment of fast- food industry in US and evaluates the international marketing activities of McDonald’s, which is considered a key player. Firstly, the PEST framework is used to analyse external environmental factors influencing the industry. The Porter’s Five Forces framework is utilised to analyse the competitive rivalry within the industry, and its attractiveness for potential new entrants. Key players and their positioning was identified using a strategic-groups model, mapping brand value against global presence. Based on the industry analysis, McDonald’s was identified as the market leader and an examination of their market entry modes was†¦show more content†¦For example, McDonald’s is the 9th most ‘liked’ brand on Facebook (CNBC, 2012) (Appendix 1). Additionally, digital displays allow outlets to change their menus efficiently, to suit the time of day (NRA, 2012) and self-service ordering points have increased service speed and reduced labour costs. Environmental Environmental lobbyists and governments are pressuring the fast-food firms to become more ‘green’ (Greenpeace, 2012). Rainforests are being destroyed to increase the area of land for beef production to meet the demand for beef-burgers (Kline, 2007). Recycling is a prominent global issue and in response, McDonald s adopted recyclable packaging. Increased environmental awareness among consumers provides firms with a significant opportunity to position themselves as ‘green’ to garner customer loyalty (National Pollution Prevention Centre for Higher Education, 1995). Legal Global operators must comply with country-specific regulations and legislation. This includes opening hours, taxation and employment regulations such as the National Minimum Wage Regulations (1999) in the UK. Firms are often required to meet national food standards such as the requirements set out by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Furthermore, authorities are becoming increasingly worried about childhood obesity associated with the industry (WHO, 2012) and have tightenedShow MoreRelatedFast Foods And Fast Food Restaurants1458 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not go a day without eating a fast food meal. There has been a significant rise in obesity rates in America as fast food restaurant establishments are becoming more and more popular. It’s no coincidence that as the fast food industry’s popularity is rising; the obesity rates of Americans are rising as well. The reason for the increase in popularity of fast food restaurants is simply because of convenience. 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Americans are eating more unhealthy food and intaking more calories, causing this nationwide epidemic. The big fast food chains market their foods to Americans constantly. On average, teens see three to five fast food ads per day (Muntel). Fast food is ingrained into the minds of children and the craving for it stays with them even when they are adults. Americans should eliminate the regular consumption of fast food because the fast food diet leads to preventable and expensive health issues